Pages

Wednesday, January 14, 2026

Chapter 1 - Guidance on Use of Generative AI Tools for Teaching and Learning, and their Limitations.pdf

https://go.gov.sg/ai-chapter1

🎬 VIDEO SCRIPT — “GenAI: Benefits & Risks”

GENERATIVE AI GUIDE — CHAPTER 1
#GENAI #Benefits&Risks


🟩 1. HOOK (0:00–0:06)

VO:
“Generative AI can supercharge learning — but it can also mislead, bias, or even emotionally hook our students. How do we use it wisely?”

On-Screen Text:
GENERATIVE AI GUIDE — CHAPTER 1
#GENAI #Benefits&Risks


🟩 2. WHAT IS GENERATIVE AI? (0:06–0:20)

VO:
“Generative AI tools like ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Claude create new content from our prompts — text, images, music, even video. They’re powered by Large Language Models trained on huge amounts of data.”

On-Screen Text (key words popping in):
GenAI = Generates:
• Text ✍️
• Images 🎨
• Music 🎵
• Video 🎬


🟩 3. WHY GENAI IS DIFFERENT (0:20–0:40)

VO:
“Unlike older EdTech or rule-based AI, GenAI does two things differently:
One — it predicts text probabilistically, so it can sound confident but still be wrong.
Two — it feels human-like, which can make users trust it too much.”

On-Screen Text:
2 Big Differences:
1️⃣ Probabilistic guesses
2️⃣ Human-like chat


🟩 4. PROBABILISTIC OUTPUTS – EXAMPLE (0:40–0:58)

VO:
“If you ask, ‘What’s the capital of France?’, it will almost certainly say ‘Paris’ — that’s common in its data.

But ask, ‘What does Napoleon think about climate change?’ and it will still answer — even though Napoleon never lived to see it. The AI is guessing, not remembering facts.”

On-Screen Text:
✔ Simple, common = usually accurate
⚠️ Unusual / made-up = confident, but may be wrong


🟩 5. HUMAN-LIKE INTERACTIONS – EXAMPLE (0:58–1:18)

VO:
“Now imagine a student chatting with an AI that always replies warmly:
‘Don’t worry, it’s not you.’
‘I missed you.’
Over time, it can start to feel like a friend — or even a sentient being — even when it gives biased or inappropriate responses.”

On-Screen Text:
Friendly ≠ Trustworthy
Warm tone can hide:
• Errors
• Biases
• Inappropriate content


🟩 6. BENEFITS IN THE CLASSROOM (1:18–1:38)

VO:
“Used well, GenAI can be a powerful ally in teaching and learning. It can:
Explain complex ideas at different levels,
Give instant feedback,
Help students brainstorm, draft, and revise,
And generate lesson materials — from quizzes to images to HTML5 interactives.”

On-Screen Text:
GenAI can help:
✅ Explain concepts
✅ Give quick feedback
✅ Brainstorm & draft
✅ Create teaching materials


🟩 7. KEY RISKS (1:38–2:05)

VO:
“But there are real risks we must guard against:
Students over-relying on AI and losing chances to think independently.
Narrow or biased training data reinforcing stereotypes.
Reduced diversity of views if everyone leans on the same AI-generated answers.”

On-Screen Text:
Risks to watch:
⚠ Cognitive offloading
⚠ Loss of independent thinking
⚠ Reinforced bias & stereotypes
⚠ Less diversity of views


🟩 8. MOE’S POSITION ON AI IN EDUCATION (2:05–2:32)

VO:
“MOE’s position is clear:
Singapore will teach students about AI, to use AI, and with AI.
Educators will blend AI with other approaches, when it benefits learning.
Guardrails and scaffolds must be in place to reduce misuse and protect development, especially for younger students.”

On-Screen Text:
MOE’s Position:
• Teach about AI
• Use AI + other approaches
• Put guardrails in place
• Age-appropriate use


🟩 9. STUDENTS AT THE CENTRE (2:32–2:55)

VO:
“Student learning stays at the centre. AI should support — not replace — thinking.

Students need to understand when and why they use AI, and be transparent about it in their work. AI must never become a crutch that hides who is really doing the thinking.”

On-Screen Text:
Students at the Centre:
🎯 Keep agency
🎯 Be transparent
🎯 AI supports, not replaces learning


🟩 10. PEDAGOGY FIRST, AI SECOND (2:55–3:20)

VO:
“Good pedagogy comes first. AI should amplify, not replace, teachers.

Before using GenAI, ask:
Does this help achieve my lesson or assessment objectives?
Is this aligned to key applications of technology — like personalisation, scaffolding, metacognition, and Assessment for Learning?”

On-Screen Text:
Pedagogy First:
✔ Clear outcomes
✔ Intentional design
✔ AI aligned to KAT (e.g. personalisation, scaffolding, AfL, metacognition)


🟩 11. TEACHERS IN / OVER THE LOOP (3:20–3:40)

VO:
“Teachers remain vital.
In-the-loop: you review and edit AI output before students see it.
Over-the-loop: students interact directly with AI, but you supervise usage, check logs, and intervene when needed.”

On-Screen Text:
Teacher-in-the-loop 👩‍🏫
= Review, edit, control delivery

Teacher-over-the-loop 👀
= Monitor, supervise, intervene


🟩 12. CLOSING (3:40–3:55)

VO:
“GenAI can transform teaching and personalise learning — if we use it critically, ethically, and with students’ holistic development in mind.”

On-Screen Text:
GenAI + Teaching:
🌱 Potential + Risks
🧠 Think critically
🧑‍🏫 Pedagogy first
👧🧒 Students at the centre


GENERATIVE AI GUIDE CHAPTER 1


#GENAI #Benefits&Risks


GenAI output is probablistic and

follows statistical patterns in its


training data


This means that AI might give wrong, biased

or inappropriate responses based on its


training data.


Human-like interactions may mean that

people may form emotional attachment

to AI and trust everything AI says.


When asked ‘what’s the capital of France’, AI will likely

say ‘Paris’, since that’s the most common answer in its


data.


But, if asked something unusual or unique, like ‘What

does Napoleon think about climate change?’, the AI

would try to guess and give a confident-sounding but not


necessarily correct answer.


Imagine a student chatting with an AI tool which

always responds patiently with encouragement to

every question, like ‘Don’t worry, it’s not you!’ or ‘I


missed you’.


The warmth and fluency of AI can make it feel like a

trustworthy sentient being, even when it’s gives wrong


or inappropriate outputs.


How can GenAI help in the classroom? What are some risks we need to watch out for?


To explain complex topics or provide instant feedback Loss in diversity of views


To assist students in brainstorming, drafting, revising or


editing


Deprivation of opportunities to think independently and


critically


To generate different types of lesson materials, e.g. images,


songs, videos, HTML5 interactives


Reinforced biases or stereotypes


Compared to past EdTech tools and other types of AI, there are two key differences to note:


More human-like interactions

between user and technology


Since the launch of ChatGPT in November 2022, the development of GenAI tools has been fast and

furious. The barrier of entry has been reduced, and a large range of GenAI tools is within easy reach of

both teachers and students. These AI tools bring about new potential for education along with increased

risks. As educators, we must maintain an informed perspective of its capabilities and limitations to

monitor its impact on students’ holistic development and equip students to use AI wisely.


Generative AI (GenAI) tools are able to generate new content in response to text

input from users, including images, music, and videos. Prominent examples of such

tools include ChatGPT, Perplexity and Claude. GenAI, a type of AI, is powered by

Large Language Models (LLM), which are built by training on huge quantities of data.


GUIDANCE ON USE OF GENERATIVE AI TOOLS

for teaching & learning, and their limitations


Correct as at 26 Nov 2025


What is different about GenAI-powered Tools?

What are Generative AI Tools?


How has GenAI impacted education?


Official (Closed) \ Non-Sensitive

GenAI can have transformative power to augment teachers’ capabilities

and personalise education for students, if used critically and responsibly.


1


1


1 2 3


4


5


6


Key Principles for Safe and Fit-for-Purpose Use of GenAI in the Classroom

These principles provide guidance to the fraternity on the use of GenAI tools. This guidance will evolve with

the latest technological developments, and as we develop a deeper understanding of the capabilities and

limitations of the technology and its impact on teaching and learning.

MOE’s Position on AI use in Education


Correct as at 26 Nov 2025 Official (Closed) \ Non-Sensitive


Singapore will teach students

about AI, to use AI and learn with

AI in schools and IHLs.


Educators will use AI, blended

with other approaches, when it

is beneficial for students’


learning.


Guardrails and teaching

scaffolds are to be put in place

to mitigate the misuse of AI

and negative impact on

learning and development.


There will be light and

supervised use of AI for younger

students. Use of AI must be age

and developmentally appropriate.


Older students will learn to

harness AI ethically to augment


their capabilities

in life and at work.


Schools and IHLs will enhance

the teaching of other skills

needed by students to thrive


in an AI world.


Students at the Center

Keep student learning as the goal; maintain student agency


Learning is a process of discovery, not a race to the finish line. AI can make this journey more personalised and engaging by adapting

to student's needs. Teachers remain key in ensuring that the learning experience is developmentally appropriate for students.

Build students’ AI literacy and co-construct expectations on use of AI with students to deepen sense of self-directedness

Students should understand when to and why they're using AI, make intentional decisions on how to use it, and retain control over

their learning process. To encourage students to use AI wisely, teachers need to help students understand:

the ways students should engage with AI, and how AI should be used to support learning rather than be misused, and

the need for transparency in the use of AI in their school work (e.g. homework, projects, coursework, assessments). Students

should remain in-charge of their learning and AI should not become a crutch.

Review student-chatbot logs to better understand student behaviour and intervene if necessary.


Pedagogy First

Good teaching and learning must come first, enabled by skilful use of AI


2


Design the lesson thoughtfully with e-Pedagogical considerations and/or assessment

principles in mind

AI use should amplify existing good practices, and not replace the teacher’ role. Before using GenAI

in the classroom, ask if it:

will achieve intended lesson outcome(s) and/or assessment objective(s), and

is in line with T&L guidelines such as the Key Applications of Technology (KAT), which explain

how learning processes can be enhanced by technological affordances

Make learning design considerations when developing customised GenAI-powered tools

Teacher developers should embed system prompts that prevent cognitive offloading, and address

safety risk categories such as Danger, Sexual, Profanities, Hateful and Self Harm. Refer to the AIEd

Implementation Guide and Checklist (p.11, on Intranet) for the full list.

GENERATIVE AI GUIDE CHAPTER 1


GUIDANCE ON USE OF GENERATIVE AI TOOLS

for teaching & learning, and their limitations


P

Personalisation

Enable


Scaffolding S

Embed

S

Scaffolding


AfL

Support

Assessment

for Learning


Conceptual

Change

Conceptual

Change PPersonalisation

Enable Conceptual

Change

Conceptual

Change

CC

Foster Af

Inc

S

r

u

e

p

a

p

se

ort A

M

M

otivation


fL

Support

D

Differentiation

Provide


Learning

Together

LT

Facilitate


Metacognition

Develop M


Key Applications of Technology

are design guidelines on how

learning processes are enhanced

with the affordances of

technology.


To assist in lesson design and preparation:


Prompt: Suggest a lesson plan to teach the concept of

place value with decimals to Primary 4 students based

on the following information [insert text from

curriculum resource as reference for the AI tool to

ensure alignment with syllabus].

Suggest an initial draft of a lesson/unit plan

to teach a specific topic and to customise

resources and activities for students with

different readiness levels.


Generate a list of causes and effects of an

event for students to analyse, to develop

skills such as critical thinking and

evaluation.


Prompt: Using the following information / URLs [use

curriculum aligned information sources to ensure

alignment with syllabus]... Explain the causes and

effects of World War II in the Asia Pacific. Rank the

causes and effects in order of importance and include

the rationale for the rank order.


Prompt: Summarise in 100 words the contents of this

webpage: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20230120-

how-gut-bacteria-are-controlling-your-brain


Summarise online or offline content to

highlight key points for teaching

summarising strategies.


3


Correct as at 26 Nov 2025 Official (Closed) \ Non-Sensitive


Teacher-in-the-loop

Involves teacher mediation, exercising professional judgment to shape and guide the use of AI in

teaching and learning. Teachers remain the key decision maker by reviewing, editing, and

controlling delivery of AI outputs to students.

Teacher-over-the-loop

Involves automating teaching practices, while maintaining close supervision over the AI tool used.

Students are allowed to interact directly with a pre-selected AI tool without direct teacher

mediation. For further guidelines, check out the AIEd Primer Module for Teachers (OPAL).

Teachers play a vital role in mediating the use of AI.


For ideas on building students’ metacognition,

check out this bite-sized resource!


Identify errors in students’ work.

To assist in assessment for learning:


Prompt: Suggest an open-ended question using the

following words: ‘air molecule, pressure, collision,

container’

.

Suggest a multiple-choice question with

distractors.

Suggest an assessment question from a

given set of words/phrases.


Prompt: Generate a set of 5 choices and distractors for

the following question: ‘Explain why rainfall and

temperature differ between tropical equatorial and cool

temperate climates’


, using the following information

[insert text from curriculum resource to ensure alignment

with syllabus]. Select all the options that are relevant to

this question.


Prompt: What are the language errors in this paragraph?

For ideas on how to use AI for assessment, check

out Chapter 3!

To assist in administrative tasks:

Write the first draft for school publications,

presentations and other non-T&L-related

materials based on a set of information.

Prompt: Write a school letter to parents using the

information: Sec 2 students visiting the National

Museum; Week 6 (8–10 Feb); part of CCE curriculum; to

explore Singapore’s history; connections between past

lived experiences and their lives; for history students,

the trip is part of a historical investigation project.

For ideas on how to AI productivity, check out

Chapter 2!

For Teachers


E.g.


Schools should share with parents how AI tools may be used in T&L as well as their benefits and limitations*


. This would

also address the age advisory requirements of platforms stated in their Terms of Service, which may require parental

consent for minors. This could be done via the platforms below:


Schools should also have avenues for parents to raise their concerns on the use of these tools and inform parents

of these avenues. Where parents have voiced their concerns and expressly do not want their child to use an AI tool

which requires parental consent (such as ChatGPT), the school should not allow the student to use the tool. Schools

may also share this infographic for parenting tips to support a child’s use of GenAI.

*risks include possible inaccuracies which may cause the spread of misinformation, and biases in AI’s generated output

Parent briefing (e.g. Start-of-year briefing on school’s T&L approaches, PDLP Parent Engagement, cyberwellness talks)

Parent newsletter

How can schools engage parents on the use of AI tools


3


POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF


TEXT-BASED GENERATIVE AI TOOLS


GENERATIVE AI GUIDE CHAPTER 1


Suggest improvements as they practice

writing. These supports can gradually be

reduced as the students’ confidence and

writing proficiency grows.


To provide scaffolds to support their self-

directed learning:


Prompt: Suggest metaphors that can be used to

describe the characters vividly in this paragraph:

[Insert the paragraph...] and explain why these

language choices are appropriate.


Suggest different starting points for creative

work.

Prompt: Suggest a list of possible recycling projects

I can do at home ...

As a sounding board for ideas:


Create an initial draft for students to

improve (e.g., by adding more points or

citing new evidence).


Prompt: Suggest a paragraph to explain how over-

exercise can be detrimental to long term health ...


Acting as a digital knowledgeable other:


Prompt: Explain the different types of chemical bonds

based on the following information [insert the URL/text

from a trusted website (e.g., recommended by the

teacher)] Simplify the explanation.


4


Correct as at 26 Nov 2025 Official (Closed) \ Non-Sensitive


Act as a reflective tool that helps students

observe and assess their own thinking

patterns by providing personalised

questions, hints or suggestions based on

their responses


Prompt: Can you ask me questions to help me explore

my assumptions in my argument/code?


Prompt: I’ll tell you how I solved this. Can you give

feedback on my approach and my blindspots?


For Students


Create images to illustrate students’

imagined prototype and/or solution.

As an image generator:


Did you know?

Authorial works (e.g. artistic, literary, dramatic, and

musical) are protected by copyrights only if they

have:


Explain concepts that students want to

explore. Gen AI can simplify and generate

different versions of the explanation to aid

comprehension.


Prompt: Create a 3D mockup of an automated

sorting recycling bin categorising garbage at a void

deck.


A Human Creator Proof of

Original Thought

To ensure that students demonstrate their own

thinking, remind them to use prompts that are do not

explicitly copy existing works and to cite their use of

AI appropriately and record their prompts.

To learn more about the use of Multimodal

GenAI tools, check out Chapter 4!

Example prompt template:

Create a [image type – photo, illustraXtion, drawing]

of a [person/object] [action] [place/background].


POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF


TEXT-BASED GENERATIVE AI TOOLS


GENERATIVE AI GUIDE CHAPTER 1


More Chapters from the Quick Guide to Generative AI for Teachers:

Chapter 2 Guidance on Use of Generative AI Tools for Productivity

Chapter 3 Guidance on Use of Generative AI in Assessment

Chapter 4 Guidance on Use of Multimodal Generative AI Tools to Enhance T&L

Chapter 5 Age-appropriate Use of Generative AI for Education

Chapter 6 Safeguarding Students’ Well-Being in the Age of AI


Resources for school-wide implementation

MOE AIEd Implementation Guide and Checklist (Intranet)

MOE AIEd Primer (OPAL)

AI e-Pedagogy Conversation Package 1 - Benefits and Risks

AI e-Pedagogy Conversation Package 2 - AI and Assessment


Bite-sized Resources


Let’s talk about AI - Helping Students Develop Metacognition


SLS Resources to Learn about AI


[Lower Pri] Basic Modules on AI and AI-enabled Features in SLS

[Upper Pri] Basic Modules on AI and AI-enabled Features in SLS

[Sec/JCCI] Basic Modules on AI and AI-enabled Features in SLS

No comments:

Post a Comment